2001.08.01
| Verzi�t�rt�net | ||
|---|---|---|
| Verzi�: 1.3 | 2002.03.12 | �tdolgozta: ig |
| Friss�tve az �j HCF eszk�zmeghajt� inform�ci�ival. | ||
| Verzi�: 1.2 | 2002.02.21 | �tdolgozta: ig |
| Friss�tve az �j HSF �s a HCF eszk�zmeghajt� kibocs�t�s�nak id�pontj�val. | ||
| Verzi�: 1.0 | 2001.09.09 | �tdolgozta: ig |
| �jsz bejegyz�sek a GYIK-ban, nyelvtani hib�k jav�t�sa, egy URL friss�t�se. | ||
| Verzi�: 0.9 | 2001.08.01 | �tdolgozta: ig |
| Els� kiad�s. | ||
Ez egy �tmutat� a Conexant/Rockwell lapkak�szlet� szoftveres modemek Linux alatti haszn�lat�hoz.
(�rdemes elolvasni a HUP hozz�sz�l�sokat, valamint ell�togatni a http://hsf.szm.sk/ webhelyre - a lektor.)
Ha olyan szoftveres modemed van, amelynek a lapkak�szlet�t nem a Conexant/Rockwell gy�rtotta, akkor ink�bb a linmodem HOWTO (Linmodem HOGYAN) dokumentumot olvasd el. (Vagy a The Winmodems-and-Linux HOWTO; Winmodemek �s a Linux HOGYAN dokumentumot - a lektor)
Ez a dokumentum nem tartalmaz inform�ci�t arr�l, hogyan kell haszn�lni a Conexant/Rockwell alap� modemeket nem Linux oper�ci�s rendszerek alatt. Jelenleg nincs ismert eszk�zmeghajt� FreeBSD �s BeOS oper�ci�s rendszerre, a Windows eszk�zmeghajt�kat a Conexantt�l lehet beszerezni.
(Term�szetesen magyarra m�r nem �rdemes leford�tani. Ha van kedved ford�tani v�lassz egy m�sik HOGYANt, hogy min�l t�bb meglegyen magyarul. J� kiindul�si pont a Magyar Linux Dokument�ci�s Projekt honlapja - a ford.)
Ez a HOGYAN felt�telez n�mi alapvet� Linux ismeretet. Felt�telezi, hogy tiszt�ban vagy a konzol/termin�l alapvet� haszn�lat�val, ismered a gyakrabb parancsokat, mint p�ld�ul a "less", �s ismersz valamilyen sz�vegszerkeszt�t. Amikor ez HOGYAN azt �rja, hogy adj ki valamilyen parancsot a konzolon, a konzol k�szenl�ti jel (prompt) �gy fog megjelenni: "[user@localhost]$ "
A HOGYAN n�h�ny r�sze a Linux m�lyebb ismeret�t is felt�telezi, de azok a szakaszok f�leg azokra vonatkoznak, akik nem a gyakrabban el�fordul� Linux terjeszt�seket haszn�lj�k.
Ha b�rmilyen �szrev�teled van, amellyel lehetne jav�tani ezen a HOGYANon, vagy le szeretn�d ford�tani ezt a HOGYANt m�s nyelvre, akkor k�ldj egy e-mail-t a ImranG@btinternet.com e-mail c�mre (ha nem v�laszoln�k egy h�ten bel�l akkor k�ldd el �jra a leveled a imran@bits.bris.ac.uk c�mre).
Ha seg�ts�gre van sz�ks�ged a modemed be�ll�t�s�hoz, ink�bb a Seg�ts�gk�r�s fejezetben megjel�lt forr�sokhoz fordulj, mintsem nekem �rj egy e-mail-t k�zvetlen�l, mert val�sz�n�leg gyorsabban fogsz v�lasz kapni az ott felt�ntetett helyekr�l, mint t�lem.
Copyright (c) 2001,2002 Imran Ghory
Ezen dokumentum m�sol�sa, terjeszt�se �s/vagy m�dos�t�sa enged�lyezett a GNU Free Documentation License 1.1 v�ltozata, vagy b�rmelyik k�s�bbi, a Free Software Foundation �ltal k�zz�tett v�ltozat felt�telei szerint; �lland� fejezetek n�lk�l, el�lapi �s h�toldali sz�veg n�lk�l. A licenc sz�vege megtal�lhat� e dokumentum GNU Free Documentation License" fejezete alatt. (A licenc sz�vege nincs leford�tva ebben a dokumentumban - a ford.)
Miut�n elolvastad ezt a HOGYANt �s m�gsem tudod be�zemelni a modemed, ha m�g nem tetted meg eddig, n�zd �t ennek a le�r�snak a v�g�n a "Gyakran Ism�telt K�rd�sek" fejezetet, mivel az foglalkozik a leggyakoribb probl�m�kkal. Ha m�g ezut�n is elakadsz h�rom k�l�nb�z� helyr�l k�rhetsz seg�ts�get:
A Linmodem levelez�lista a legfontosabb hely az Interneten a szoftveres modemek Linux alatti haszn�lat�val kapcsolatos megbesz�l�sekre. Ha valakinek volt m�r a ti�dhez hasonl� probl�m�ja, valaki a linmodem levelez�si list�n j� es�llyel ismeri azt. Ha fel akarsz iratkozni a levelez�si list�ra k�ldj egy �res levelet a discuss-subscribe@linmodems.org e-mail c�mre. A levelez�lista a www.linmodems.org webhelyen tal�lhat�.
Ha szeretn�l valakivel egyenesben besz�lni, akkor legjobb ha bel�psz az Openproject IRC h�l�zat�n a #SoftModems csatorn�ra. Tov�bbi r�szleteket a www.openprojects.org webhelyen olvashatsz, vagy csatlakozz a eu.opirc.nu-hoz a 6667 porton.
A comp.os.linux.hardware �s a comp.os.linux.setup h�rcsoportokban gyakran lehet tal�lkozni olyan emberekkel, akik j�ratosak a szoftmodemek t�m�j�ban. Ha besz�lsz olaszul a it.comp.os.linux.iniziare list�n tal�lkozhatsz olyan emberekkel, akik ismerhetik a Conexant/Rockwell modemeket (magyar felhaszn�l�k a hun.lists.mlf list�n tal�lhat�k - a ford.).
Ne feledd, amikor seg�ts�get k�rsz, mindig add meg a modem pontos t�pus�t, gy�rt�j�t �s a hiba�zenetet amit kapt�l.
A magyar ford�t�st Kisp�l Zsolt k�sz�tette (2003.09.11). A lektor�l�st Daczi L�szl� v�gezte el (2003.12.13). A ford�t�s jav�tva (R1) 2003.12.16.-�n. A dokumentum legfrissebb v�ltozata megtal�lhat� a Magyar Linux Dokument�ci�s Projekt honlapj�n.
Legel�sz�r azt kell meg�llap�tanod, hogy HSF vagy HCF modemed van. Ezt a k�vetkez� m�dokon teheted meg: megn�zed a modemed windowosos eszk�zmeghajt�j�t, megn�zed a c�mk�t a modem lapkak�szlet�n, vagy let�lt�d a ListModem seg�dprogramot, futtatod, �s �gy szerzed meg az inform�ci�t. Mind a k�t t�pusra el�rhet�k eszk�zmeghajt�k, de a HSF meghajt� fejlettebb mint a HCF. A HCF meghajt� els� b�t�ja 2002 �v k�zep�n jelenik meg v�rhat�an. A k�vetkez� fejezetekben mind a HSF, mind a HCF modem be�zemel�s�r�l adunk egy r�vid le�r�st.
T�ltsd le az eszk�zmeghajt�t a http://www.mbsi.ca/hsflinux/ webhelyr�l, a k�vetkez� �tmutat�s az RPM csomaghoz k�sz�lt, javaslom ezt haszn�ld.
Ind�ts el egy termin�lablakot (vagy nyiss egy konzolt), v�lts root felhaszn�l�ra �s l�pj abba a k�nyvt�rba, ahov� let�lt�tted az eszk�zmeghajt�t, majd g�peld be: rpm -i "eszk�zmeghajt�_neve". P�ld�ul, ha az eszk�zmeghajt� neve hsflinmodem-4.06.06.02mbsibeta02012000-1.i586.rpm akkor a k�vetkez�t kell beg�pelni,
[user@localhost]$ rpm -i hsflinmodem-4.06.06.02mbsibeta02012000-1.i586.rpm
Futtasd a hsfconfig programot, �s k�vesd a k�perny�n megjelen� utas�t�sokat. Automatikusan fel kell ismernie a modemedet, �s telep�tenie kell az eszk�zmeghajt�t. Ha valamilyen probl�m�d lenne, n�zz bele az eszk�zmeghajt� dokument�ci�j�ba.
Most m�r be fogod tudni �ll�tani az Internetkapcsolatot, b�r meg kell neki adni, hogy a modemed a /dev/modem k�nyvt�r alatt tal�lhat�. Ha az Internetkapcsolatot biztos�t� szoftvered nem tudja el�rni, lehet, meg kell v�ltoztatnod a jogosults�gokat.
[Technikai megjegyz�s: Ha a modemed eszk�zazonos�t�ja (device ID) 2005, akkor a k�zi be�ll�t�st kell v�lasztanod a be�zemel�shez.]
Ha a fenti elj�r�s n�lad nem m�k�dne vagy a fent eml�tett eszk�zmeghajt� nem m�k�dik a rendszereden (p�ld�ul, ha t�bbprocesszoros g�ped van), akkor olvasd tov�bb ezt a HOGYANt, ezut�n �rjuk le r�szletesen, hogyan kell haszn�lni a r�gebbi eszk�zmeghajt�t.
T�ltsd le az eszk�zmeghajt�t a http://www.mbsi.ca/hcflinux/ webhelyr�l. Az al�bbi �tmutat� a bin�ris RPM meghajt�hoz k�sz�lt, amit a legk�nnyebb telep�teni. Ha m�sk�nt szeretn�d telep�teni, akkor a README f�jlban tal�lhatsz hozz� inform�ci�t.
Nyiss egy termin�lablakot (vagy egy konzolt), v�lts root felhaszn�l�ra, �s l�pj be abba a k�nyvt�rba, ahov� az eszk�zmeghajt�t let�lt�tted. Itt add ki az "rpm -i" parancsot, megadve az eszk�zmeghajt� f�jlnev�t. Ha p�ld�ul az eszk�zmeghajt� neve: hcflinmodem-0.9mbsibeta02030801-1.i586.rpm akkor a k�vetkez�t g�peled be:
[user@localhost]$ rpm -i hcflinmodem-0.9mbsibeta02030801-1.i586.rpm
Futtasd a hcfconfig parancsot �s k�vesd a k�perny�n megjelen� utas�t�sokat, automatikusan fel kell ismernie a modemedet �s telep�tenie kell az eszk�zmeghajt�t. Ha valamilyen probl�ma ad�dna, olvasd �t az eszk�zmeghajt�hoz mell�kelt dokument�ci�t.
Most m�r be kell tudnod �ll�tani az Internetkapcsolatot, a be�ll�t�s sor�n meg kell adnod, hogy a modem a /dev/modem eszk�zk�nt tal�lhat� meg. Ha az Internetkapcsolatot biztos�t� szoftvered nem tudja el�rni, lehet, hogy meg kell v�ltoztatnod a jogosults�gokat.
[Technikai megjegyz�s: Ha r�gebbi a modemed p�ld�ul amin m�g Rockwell m�rkajelz�s van �s nem Conexant, akkor jelenleg nem fogod tudni haszn�lni ezt az eszk�zmeghajt�t. Szint�n nem lehet haszn�lni azokat a modemeket, amelyek SmartDAA-t haszn�lnak. Olvasd el a http://www.mbsi.ca/hcflinux/latest/BUGS.txt le�r�st.]
Ha a modemed Windows alatt is m�k�dik, t�ltsd le, �s futtasd a Conexant-f�le ListModem alkalmaz�st. A k�v�nt inform�ci�t a "MODEM TYPE" alatt jelen�ti meg a program.
Ha felnyitod a g�ped, j� es�llyel meg fogod tal�lni a modemed lapkak�szlet�n a HSF vagy a HCF jelz�st.
Meg�llap�that� a modem t�pusa az eszk�zazonos�t�b�l �s gy�rt�azonos�t�b�l is. Ezt az inform�ci�t legk�nnyebben az lspci -n paranccsal (vagy r�gebbi Linux terjeszt�sekben a less /proc/pci paranccsal) szerezheted meg. Ez a parancs list�zza a g�pben l�v� �sszes PCI k�rtya eszk�z- �s gy�rt�azonos�t�j�t. A modemed azonos�t�j�t �gy ismerheted fel, hogy 14F1 (Conexant) vagy 127A (Rockwell) lesz a gy�rt�azonos�t� (vendorID). Ne vedd figyelembe ak�r HSF-nek ak�r HCF-nek ismeri fel az lspci a modemed, mert ez hib�s is lehet.
Az inform�ci� �ltal�ban a VVVV:DDDD form�ban jelenik meg, ahol VVVV a gy�rt�azonos�t�, a DDDD pedig az eszk�zazonos�t�. P�ld�ul, ha 127a:2005 jelent meg, akkor ez azt jelenti, hogy a gy�rt�azonos�t� k�dja a 127a, m�g az eszk�zazonos�t� a 2005.
Ha a modemed egy HCF modem, akkor a gy�rt�azonos�t�ja az al�bbiak valamelyike lesz:
1033 / 1034 / 1035 / 1036 / 10b3 / 10b4 / 10b5 / 10b6 / 1003 / 1004 / 1005 / 1023 / 1024 / 1025 / 1f10 / 1f11 / 1f14 / 1f15
Ha a modemed SmartHCF modem, akkor az al�bbiak k�z�l fog kiker�lni a gy�rt�azonos�t�:
1052 / 1053 / 1054 / 1055 / 1056 / 1057 / 1058 / 1059 / 1063 / 1064 / 1065 / 1066
Ha HSF modemed van, akkor a gy�rt�azonos�t� az al�bbiak lehetnek:
2013 / 2014 / 2015 / 2016 / 2003 / 2004 / 2005 / 2006 / 2f10 / 2f12 / 2f00
Ha pedig SmartHSF modemed van, akkor ezek fordulhatnak el� gy�rt�azonos�t�k�nt:
2043 / 2044 / 2045 / 2046 / 2053 / 2054 / 2055 / 2056
Ha HCF vagy SmartHCF modemed van, akkor ugorj a "HCF lapkak�szlet� modemek"fejezetre, ha pedig HSF vagy SmartHSF modemed van, akkor ugorj a "HSF lapkak�szlet� modemek"fejezetre.
Sajnos jelenleg nincs HCF eszk�zmeghajt� Linuxhoz. A Conexant GYIK (http://www.conexant.com:80/cnxt/customer/md_faqs.htm) 11. pontj�ban viszont jelezt�k, hogy fejleszt�s alatt �ll.
T�bben ugyan jelezt�k, hogy siker�lt a HCF lapkak�szlet� modemeiket (f�leg az 1025-�s gy�rt�azonos�t�j� modelleket) be�zemelni a HSF meghajt�val, b�r minderr�l csak elv�tve vannak inform�ci�ink. Ha siker�lt be�ll�tanod �s haszn�lnod egy HCF modemet Linux alatt, k�rlek keress meg.
Valaki m�r k�zreadta, ha a "No Dialtone" hiba�zenetet kapjuk, amikor HSF meghajt�t haszn�lunk egy HCF modemmel, akkor a k�vetkez� AT paranccsal lehet jav�tani a hib�t: "AT S7=45 S0=0 L1 V1 X4 &c1 E1 Q0".
Ha esetleg saj�t magadnak szeretn�l egy meghajt�t �rni, a k�vetkez� hivatkoz�sok hasznosak lehetnek:
A k�s�bbiekben szerkesztened kell egy %HSFModem% sort.
M�sold ki a k�vetkez� sort valahov�:
%HSFModem% = ModemX, PCI\VEN_XXXX&DEV_YYYY&SUBSYS_YYYYXXXX
%HSFModem% = ModemX, PCI\VEN_127A&DEV_2015&SUBSYS_2015127A
A k�s�bbiekben sz�ks�ged lesz erre a sorra, hogy a meghajt� fel tudja ismerni a modemet. A k�vetkez� l�p�s kicsit elt�r� az egyes rendszermag-verzi�k eset�ben, teh�t l�pj a vonatkoz� fejezethez, att�l f�gg�en, hogy 2.2.14, 2.2.16 vagy 2.2.17 verzi�j� rendszermagot haszn�lsz.
A HSF meghajt� telep�t�se 2.2.14-es rendszermaghoz
T�ltsd le a HSF_V1.01.02_K2.2.14-5.0.tar f�jlt, az Olitec webhely�r�l vagy a t�kr�z�s�r�l.
M�sold be a saj�t home k�nyvt�radba
Egy konzol ablakban l�pj be a home k�nyvt�radba
[user@localhost]$ cd ~
Csomagold ki a f�jlt
[user@localhost]$ tar xzvf HSF_V1.01.02_K2.2.14-5.0.tar
L�pj be az eszk�zmeghajt� k�nyvt�r�ba
[user@localhost]$ cd pci_56k_v2
Kedvenc sz�vegszerkeszt�ddel nyisd meg a lin_hsf.inf file-t, a [generic] r�sz alatt ehhez hasonl� sorokat tal�lsz: "%HSFModem% = ModemX, PCI\VEN_127A&DEV_1025&SUBSYS_1025127A". Ezek al� a sorok al� illeszd be azt a %HSFModem% sort, amit kor�bban k�sz�tett�l.
V�lts root felhaszn�l�ra
[user@localhost]$ su
Futtasd az ins_all szkriptet az eszk�zmeghajt� telep�t�s�hez.
[user@localhost]$ ./ins_all
A t�rcs�z�programnak be kell �ll�tani, hogy a modem a /dev/modem alatt tal�lhat�, most m�r el tudod �rni az Internetet.
Az ins_all csak ideiglenesen t�lti be a modem-meghajt�t, ami elt�vol�t�dik �jraind�t�skor. Teh�t �jraind�t�skor �jra kell futtatni az ./ins_all programot, hogy �jra bet�ltse a meghajt�t vagy be kell �ll�tanod, hogy az ./ins_all parancs automatikusan lefusson minden �jraind�t�skor.
T�ltsd le a PCI_56K_V2_K2.2.16.tar.gz f�jlt, az Olitec webhely�r�l vagy t�kr�z�s�r�l.
M�sold be a home k�nyvt�radba
Egy konzol ablakban l�pj be a home k�nyvt�radba
[user@localhost]$ cd ~
Csomagold ki a f�jlt
[user@localhost]$ tar xzvf PCI_56K_V2_K2.2.16.tar.gz
L�pj be az eszk�zmeghajt� k�nyvt�r�ba
[user@localhost]$ cd pci_56k_v2_k2.2.16
Kedvenc sz�vegszerkeszt�ddel nyisd meg a lin_hsf.inf f�jlt, a [generic] r�sz alatt ehhez hasonl� sorokat tal�lsz: "%HSFModem% = ModemX, PCI\VEN_127A&DEV_1025&SUBSYS_1025127A". Ezek al� a sorok al� illeszd be azt a %HSFModem% sort, amit kor�bban k�sz�tett�l.
V�lts root felhaszn�l�ra
[user@localhost]$ su
Futtasd az ins_all szkriptet az eszk�zmeghajt� telep�t�s�hez.
[user@localhost]$ ./ins_all
A t�rcs�z�programnak be kell �ll�tanod, hogy a modem a /dev/modem alatt tal�lhat�. Most m�r el tudod �rni az Internetet.
Az ins_all csak ideiglenesen t�lti be a modem-meghajt�t, ami elt�vol�t�dik �jraind�t�skor. Teh�t �jraind�t�skor �jra kell futtatni az ./ins_all programot, hogy �jra bet�ltse a meghajt�t, vagy be kell �ll�tanod, hogy az ./ins_all parancs automatikusan lefusson minden �jraind�t�skor.
A HSF meghajt� telep�t�se 2.2.17-es �s 2.2.18 rendszermagokhoz
T�ltsd le a PCI_56K_V2_K2.2.17.tar.gz f�jlt, az Olitec webhely�r�l vagy t�kr�z�s�r�l.
M�sold be a home k�nyvt�radba
Egy konzol ablakban l�pj be a home k�nyvt�radba
[user@localhost]$ cd ~
Csomagold ki a f�jlt
[user@localhost]$ tar xzvf PCI_56K_V2_K2.2.17.tar.gz
L�pj be az eszk�zmeghajt� k�nyvt�r�ba
[user@localhost]$ cd pci_56k_v2_k2.2.17
Kedvenc sz�vegszerkeszt�ddel nyisd meg a lin_hsf.inf file-t, a [generic] r�sz alatt ehhez hasonl� sorokat tal�lsz: "%HSFModem% = ModemX, PCI\VEN_127A&DEV_1025&SUBSYS_1025127A". Ezek al� a sorok al� illeszd be azt a %HSFModem% sort, amit kor�bban k�sz�tett�l.
V�lts root felhaszn�l�ra
[user@localhost]$ su
Futtasd az ins_all szkriptet az eszk�zmeghajt� telep�t�s�hez.
[user@localhost]$ ./ins_all
A t�rcs�z�programnak be kell �ll�tani, hogy a modem a /dev/modem alatt tal�lhat�. Most m�r el tudod �rni az Internetet.
Az ins_all csak ideiglenesen t�lti be a modem-meghajt�t, ami elt�vol�t�dik �jraind�t�skor. Teh�t �jraind�t�skor �jra kell futtatni az ./ins_all programot, hogy �jra bet�ltse a meghajt�t, vagy be kell �ll�tanod, hogy az ./ins_all parancs automatikusan lefusson minden �jraind�t�skor.
A modem 2.4.* rendszermag alatti m�k�d�s�hez sz�ks�ged lesz a 2.2.17 rendszermaghoz haszn�latos eszk�zmeghajt�ra, valamint Marc Boucher hsfcompat illeszt�fel�let�re, ami lehet�v� teszi, hogy az eszk�zmeghajt� a 2.4.* rendszermagok alatt is m�k�dj�n. A HOGYAN �r�s�nak idej�ben a hsfcompat 1.0d verzi�ja a legfrissebb. M�g teszt �llapotban van, teh�t el�fordulhatnak probl�m�k a rendszereden. Viszont m�g nem tal�lkoztam senkivel, akinek b�rmilyen probl�m�ja sz�rmazott volna abb�l, hogy haszn�lta ezt az illeszt�fel�letet. A legfrissebb inform�ci�k�rt keresd fel a hsfcompat honlapj�t.
Sz�ks�ges f�jlok:
Let�lthet�:
let�lthet�:
http://www.olitec.com/pub/PCI_56K_V2_K2.2.17.tar.gz
t�kr�zve:
ftp://ftp.dina.kvl.dk/pub/Staff/Thomas.S.Iversen/linmodems_drivers/olitec/PCI_56K_V2_K2.2.17.tar.gz
Csomagold ki a hcfcompat programot a
[user@localhost]$ tar xzvf hsfcompat_24-1.0d.tar.gzparanccsal
M�sold �t a PCI_56K_V2_K2.2.17.tar.gz f�jlt a hsfcompat_24-1.0d k�nyvt�rba.
Csomagold ki az eszk�zmeghajt�t a
[user@localhost]$ tar xzvf PCI_56K_V2_K2.2.17.tar.gz paranccsal
A hsfcompat_24-1.0d k�nyvt�rban ford�tsd le (compile) a hsfcompat programot:
Telep�tsd az eszk�zmeghajt�t: [user@localhost]$ make install
Copyright 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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USA
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The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
C. State on the Title Page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version .
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document , on account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include the original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original English version of this License, the original English version will prevail.
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.